Root privileges allow you to do whatever you want in the system: establish a foothold by creating a backdoor, inject a rootkit or a trojan, alter or delete any information, etc. Accordingly, privilege escalation is one of your primary objectives during an attack. In this article, I will explain how to gain root rights on Linux systems.

Every information security specialist is aware of OSCP certification. It takes plenty of time to prepare to this exam, then it takes a whole day to take it, and then you produce a write-up describing your experience. Those willing to take the OSCP exam post tons of questions in Twitter, on reddit, and on specialized forums. In this article, I will try to give answers to the most common and basic questions on this matter.

In this article, we will briefly discuss specialized Linux distributions used by pentesters and ethical hackers. The most popular such distribution is Kali, but we want to bring to your attention several other Linux systems – not only no less efficient, but even surpassing Kali in certain areas.

IPsec was designed as a universal protocol stack for VPN – the ultimate solution rendering all alternative protocols unnecessary. However, the existence of OpenVPN, WireGuard, and many other protocols clearly indicates that the developers of IPsec failed to achieve their goal.